Cardiology
Examples of assessment of common diseases include coronary artery disease, heart failure, congenital heart defects, and valvular heart disease. Some common tests which your cardiologist may carry out include blood tests, electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms.
Treatments for heart disease such as coronary artery bypasses and even heart transplants are also executed by surgeons trained in the cardiothoracic specialty.
Dermatology
Dermatologists specialising in cosmetic dermatology use a myriad of non-invasive procedures to improve anything from acne scarring to the effects of aging.
Endocrinology
Involves the diagnosis of a wide variety of symptoms of disorders of hormonal deficiency. Most common disorders of the endocrine system are diabetes and hyperthyroidism.
Gastroenterology
The assessment of disorders and diseases which affect the gastrointestinal tract. Hepatology, or the study of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas and the diseases which affect them.
General Surgery
The surgery on the abdominal organs (intestines, liver, colon, stomach, gall bladder, etc).
Haematology
Blood diseases such as anemia, leukemia, lymphoma may be diagnosed by haematologists, who are physicians trained in the care and treatment of haematological diseases. Common blood tests test for complete blood count, white blood count, platelet count, and hemoglobin level.
Infectious Diseases
Diagnostics and treatment of all types of infectious disease.
Internal Medicine
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases which especially affect the internal organs and chronic illnesses.
Neurology
Diseases affecting the brain, nervous system and spinal chord are usually diagnosed with a neurologic examination. Major neurological disorders include cerebral palsy, speech and language disorders, tumours of the brain, and movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
Neurosurgery
Surgery on the brain, spinal cord, and nerves may generally be described as neurosurgery. Neurological surgery, as it is also known, works on disorders of the nervous system. Conditions that may require neurosurgery include head trauma, which may arise as the result of fractures of the skull. Brain tumours, and tumours of the spine, spinal chord and peripheral nerves may also require removal by a trained neurosurgeon.
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Disorders that affect the female reproductive system are called gynecologic disorders; obstetrics is the surgical specialty that deals with the care of pregnant women and their offspring. Conditions which gynaecologists deal with range from cancers of the various reproductive organs to issues of infertility.
Oncology
Cancerous tumours. Diagnostics and treatment. Cancers are typically measured against a scale of 5 to describe the degree of the cancer's spread throughout the body, with 5 being the most dire stage of proliferation.
Ophthalmology
Diseases that affect the eyes and visual pathways of the brain are studied in ophthalmology.
Orthopaedic Surgery. Hand Surgery
Orthopaedic surgery may address disorders of the musculoskeletal system, whereby patients are unable to physically move their muscles and bones. Arthritis, trauma, and congenital deformities can be treated by orthopaedic surgery. Many subspecialties exist under the umbrella of orthopaedic surgery, such as hand surgery and spinal surgery.
Otorhinolaryngology
Commonly referred to as ENT (ear, nose and throat). Patients with problems concerning their sinuses, or with severe allergies may seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist, but these are only the more commonly known ailments. The field includes other subspecialties that also address problems with hearing and speech.
Paediatric Medicine & Surgery
Care of children from infancy until adolescence.
Plastic Surgery
Any surgical technique which is carried out for the purpose of changing the appearance of one's body is called plastic surgery. Plastic surgery is sometimes confused with cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery can help to correct impairments caused by burns and traumatic injuries.
Psychiatry
Mental problems and disorders are studied and treated by psychiatrists. Mental health disorders involve disturbances in thinking and emotional rationalization. Mental illness may be treated with drug therapy, psychotherapeutic treatment, or hypnotherapy.
Rehabilitation Medicine
People who have been affected by severe injuries due to trauma, stroke, an infection, a tumour or progressively debilitating disease can regain functional restoration with the help of physical therapy or occupational therapy, the focus of rehabilitation medicine.
Renal Medicine
Renal disorders such as acute and chronic kidney failure, nephritis, and even incontinence may be treated with renal medicine.
Respiratory Medicine
With proper identification, respiratory medicine can help to treat illnesses such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and lung abscesses.
Rheumatology
Rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout usually result in inflammation of the joints, which can cause severe pain and discomfort.
Urology
Diagnostics and treatment of the urinary tract organs: kidneys, ureters, bladder and the urethra.
